Section 7009 of the America COMPETES Act requires that institutions applying for financial assistance from the National Science Foundation (NSF) provide training in RCR for all undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers participating in the proposed research project.
This requirement, effective Jan. 4, 2010, requires that at the time of proposal submission to NSF, the George Mason University authorized organizational representative certify that a plan is in place to provide appropriate training and oversight in RCR to all undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers who are supported by NSF to conduct research.
https://www.nsf.gov/bfa/dias/policy/rcr.jsp
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2009-08-20/html/E9-19930.htm
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) have had similar requirements as NSF for approximately 20 years for individuals supported by T32 and T34 research training grants. Notice NOT-OD-10-019 extends this requirement to all trainees, fellows, participants, and scholars receiving support through any NIH training, career development award (individual or institutional), research education grant, and dissertation research grants. This requirement is effective Jan. 25, 2010, for all new, renewal, and continuation applications.
https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not-od-10-019.html